Quantity and quality of childcare and children’s educational outcomes

Abstract Policy-makers wanting to support child development can choose adjust the quantity or quality of publicly funded universal pre-school. To assess impact such changes, we estimate effects an increase in free pre-school education England about 3.5 months at age 3 on children’s school achievement 5. We exploit date-of-birth discontinuities that create variation length and starting using administrative records linked nursery characteristics. Estimated are small overall, but additional term is substantially larger settings with highest inspection rating not highly qualified staff. fade out by 7.